James Whale

From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia James Whale 22 July 1889 29 May 1957 was an English film director theatre director and actor He is best remembered for his work in the horror film genre having directed Frankenstein 1931 The Old Dark House 1932 The Invisible Man 1933 and Bride of Frankenstein 1935 all recognized as classics of the genre Whale directed over a dozen films in other genres including what is considered the definitive film version of the musical Show Boat 1936 He became increasingly disenchanted with his association with horror but many of his nonhorror films have fallen into obscurity Born into a large family in Dudley England Whale early discovered his artistic talent and studied art With the outbreak of World War I Whale enlisted in the British Army and became an officer He was captured by the Germans and during his time as a prisoner of war he realized he was interested in drama Following his release at the end of the war he became an actor set designer and director His success directing the 1928 play Journeys End led to his move to the United States first to direct the play on Broadway and then to Hollywood to direct motion pictures Whale lived in Hollywood for the rest of his life most of that time with his longtime companion producer David Lewis Including Journeys End 1930 Whale directed a dozen films for Universal Studios between 1930 and 1936 his uncredited work on the war epic Hells Angels having been done for United Artists developing a style characterized by the influence of German Expressionism and a highly mobile camera At the height of his popularity as a director Whale directed The Road Back a sequel to All Quiet on the Western Front in 1937 Studio interference possibly spurred by political pressure from Nazi Germany led to the films being altered from Whales vision and The Road Back was a critical and commercial failure A string of commercial failures followed and while Whale would make one final short film in 1950 by 1941 his film directing career was over Whale continued to direct for the stage and also rediscovered his love for painting and travel His investments made him wealthy and he lived a comfortable retirement until suffering strokes in 1956 that robbed him of his vigor and left him in pain Whale committed suicide on 29 May 1957 by drowning himself in his backyard swimming pool Whale was openly gay throughout his career something that was very unusual in the 1920s and 1930s As knowledge of his sexual orientation has become more common some of his films Bride of Frankenstein in particular have been interpreted as having a gay subtext and it has been claimed that Whales refusal to remain in the closet led to the end of his career However Whales associates dismiss the notions that Whales sexuality informed his work or that it cost him his career Description above from the Wikipedia article James Whale licensed under CCBYSA full list of contributors on Wikipedia